"Come forth into the light of things. Let Nature be your teacher." ~ William Wordsworth
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I wrote recently about emergent curriculum, and how we follow the interests that emerge from the group. We also follow the prompts that arrive to us, unsummoned, from the natural world that we observe weekly. Exploration, questioning, and learning emerge from observing seasonal changes and having daily discoveries.

Sometimes our half-day adventures at forest school mean encountering one Teacher after another. One day last week, we started by observing the tree swallows as they swooped and dove around the meadow, tweeting sweet sounds, hunting for food. Sarah talked about "aerial foragers" and we discussed aerodynamics. How do things fly? Bird, planes, bees, butterflies, seeds?

​We encountered a mystery at the pond: 5 dead painted turtles, freshly killed, only their heads eaten. What happened there? Did they get caught by a predator? Maybe they came out of the pond and couldn't find their way back! When did this happen - when they were sleepy and coming out of hibernation? Why were just their heads nibbled? Who would just want to nibble turtle heads?

​ Back at the wood duck pond, a new area for many, we listened to wood frogs and spring peepers calling. We found and dissected an owl pellet, found a big deer toilet, and lots of woodpecker cavities. Who will nest there this spring? Why do the deer like to dump in that particular spot? Is there a screech owl nesting nearby? What did that owl eat?

​Many group members grew their interest in primitive technologies by gathering materials and making their own brooms, which they used to sweep the forest.

​We saw our first garter snake and first painted turtles (live) of this spring season.

​How much can you fit into one morning in the forest? How many things can you wonder about? There so much to discover with Nature as our Teacher!
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"You will find something more in woods than in books. Trees and stones will teach you."
~ St. Bernard of Clairvaux

by Rebecca Seiling

​This simple event reminded me of the joy of childhood - the ability to seize the moment, to have the time to notice your surroundings and engage with them.  These children have the freedom to get dirty. It reminded me to live in the moment, and of the simple joys and pleasures there are all around us.

​What a great start to our spring Foxes program! We have a group of explorers who seize opportunities with joy. They know how to play in and with nature.  They have the freedom to influence our plans and activities. I'm looking forward to all the other adventures we will have together!

​written by Giselle Carter

It began with a question: how do you do emergent curriculum in a forest school setting with school aged children? Our programs serve children ages 3-12, but we take basically the same approach, no matter the age group. 

We often start the season with a topic or idea that the facilitator finds interesting. Then during play, hikes, downtime, flow time, we as facilitators observe. We listen, we watch, we act as funnels. We are open to what the group needs - what the individuals need. We take it all in, and we let it percolate. We mine for questions. I believe that listening is one of our biggest tasks as forest school facilitators. 

The display in the photo below is a representation of the "emergent curriculum" in our last week of winter forest school (last week).  

How did all of this come about?

The poem of a meadow vole, at the bottom of the picture, emerged from a week when we were looking for golden rod galls on a meadow hill, and instead found about 10 meadow voles, scurrying to escape through half-melted snow tunnels. The kids squealed, we imagined we were foxes, and we gently caught one! It was amazing to see the little vole, who they compared to a hamster and said was "SOOOOOOOOO cute!!!" This was an experience that none of us - including the facilitators - had ever had before - an unforgettable experience of connecting to creatures most of the children had never even heard of before. 

This launched a study into meadow voles - what they eat, what eats them, how they survive and breed and eat all year long and how they're known as the "hamburgers of the prairies" because of the many predators that rely on them for food. They eat their own body weight in food each day! They make amazing tunnels in the snow! Their females can have up to 80 or so babies in one year if they stay hidden from predators! Amazing little creatures. Also cute.

We used the meadow vole and fox puppets, handmade by a wonderful East Coast woman who happens to be mom of one of our facilitators, to sing songs about meadow voles and foxes, and tell stories too. This group loves to make up their own stories, with a tarp or shower curtain strung up in the forest to serve as their puppet theatre. 

The skunk drawing on a tree cookie was for two groups who smelled a skunk - and saw skunk tracks - by a coyote den. This led to lots of wondering about skunks, and learning about their great horned owl predator who can't smell worth anything, and learning about their February nighttime forages for love - mating season. They can cover up to 8 km in one night, just looking for a mate! We used this tree cookie in a storytelling circle to create a story together about Sketchy the Skunk. It was silly, and of course, involved some stinky parts. It also included some information about prey/predator relationships that we had learned about previous to the circle. 

All of our groups enjoyed tracking, and several times "big foot" was mentioned - sometimes when it was snowy and blizzardy, when one group member said "I think I see a yeti." One time during a sit spot when another member said, "I saw a yeti during my sit spot." Another time, our snowshoe marks looked a little like Big Foot's tracks. We dove deep into this imaginative side by putting large tracks in the snow, and following them to little red Big Foot Crossing signs. We read Larf by Ashley Spires, and The Gruffalo's Child by Julia Donaldson. 

As well, all of our groups enjoyed playing with snow + ice cream scoops + coloured water in spray bottles + small cups and bowls to make their own ice cream shops - a hot commodity in the cold weather. So as a treat, we made Homemade Ice Cream using snow and shake-shake-shaking it in ziploc bags, and eating it in small cups at the end of our time together. In the winter, we only need a little! (Although some would have loved more!)

What is the role of the educator in this type of emergent curriculum process?

There are several images that come to mind:

• funnel (catch questions)
• miner (digging up questions)
• sieve (distill)
• co-creator
• weaver
• magician/alchemist
• reporter

There are weeks when it feels a bit like the drawing above - where there are 12 different interests to pursue in a group of 12 children. That's where the funnel facilitator, who has collected the questions and interests and interactions, turns into a sieve. We distill, discern, and try to listen for direction that's rising to the top in this group. Like Carol Ann Wien writes, in her book Emergent curriculum in the primary classroom (2008), "as teachers we are co-learners with the children, investigating how they learn." (p. 79)

I guarantee you that in one group, we could talk about dinosaurs each week because we have two avid dinosaur lovers. They know more than I will ever know about those creatures, and so they teach me! Sometimes those dinosaur themes are woven into our time through discussion around herbivores/carnivores, or about which creatures/plants have adapted and changed over many years, and which haven't, or in songs or stories, or in their imaginative play. 

​In another group, dragons come up a lot. The dragons interact with hawks and eagles and chickadees, and sometimes build nests and sometimes destroy them. One week we made up a story of migrating dragons to get at both an interest in migration and local birds, and an interest in dragons. Weaving various strands together to co-create engaging experiences. In Wien's words, we can "enter a new relationship with children, based on reciprocity." (p. 108). 

Part of the fun and challenge of this type of educating means being open, flexible, and willing to learn from each other - adults and children alike. It's about developing relationships and trusting each other - then hopping on for the ride! We throw ingredients into the pot of our outdoor classroom, and wait and watch the alchemy that happens. 

In our facilitation role, we document through photos, videos, scrawls in our notebooks, and thoughts we gather and record as co-leaders at the end of every session. We record observations each week that lead to our curriculum development for the following week(s). We plan with intention to the details of our group. We see the curriculum that unfolds, but in a sort of backwards way - we don't make a plan for the season. We see where the season leads.

What does it look like, practically, in terms of topics that are explored?

Below is a chart that shows 5 different groups in one of our fall sessions (10 weeks). You can see the multiplicity of directions - that even on the same land, and with similar facilitators, many paths emerge. 

For me, this is the exciting thing about emergent curriculum - it continues to surprise and unfold, and is never ever dull. We are open to see the small miracles around us. Looking for light/learning/growth, and nudging each other forward and together. 

We are often asked by parents or teachers "where did you get THAT wonderful thing?" This blog posts seeks to answer those questions with links to the places where we gather our favourite tools and supplies. Enjoy!

(I am singing "raindrops on roses, and whiskers on kittens... brown paper packages tied up with strings... these are a few of our favourite things" right now... :)

Aquatic nets
Source: Spectrum Nasco Educational Supplies Product #SB43412M
We love these nets! They are hardy and sturdy and pick up lots of bugs and creatures from the pond and creek. Much better than dollar store ones, and they don't break the bank either. 

Binoculars
Source: Spectrum Nasco Educational Supplies Product #730265
These binoculars are great for young ones ages 3-6. They are durable and don't easily break when they are dropped on the ground. There is even a little compass on top, which has led to interest and inquiry into direction and compass work in our groups.

Butterfly Nets
Source: Boreal Science Product #470007-572
These nets are great for the summer and fall, sweeping through the meadows and getting a net full of damselflies, dragonflies, leaf hoppers, and more. Kids can easily learn the sweeping technique, and they love to see the variety of bugs in their nets. As you can see from the photos, butterfly nets also pair well with clipboards, mentioned below!

Bug Jars
Source: Dollarama, recycling bins
We use these a lot! The bigger version is the one from Dollarama, and kids like the magnified top that they can look through. The bigger one also fits small brown snakes and bigger insects like praying mantids for a more close-up, careful, short look. :)

Clipboards
Source: dollar stores
Many children love to make graphs or keep track of data or draw using a clipboard. We have found mini ones as well as bigger ones at various dollar stores. They make writing and drawing in the forest much easier!

Compasses
​Source: Boreal Science Product #470163-772
Several groups have taken a keen interest in orienteering and directions. These particular ones are easy to use and come with a string to allow kids to carry them around their necks without losing them.

Drop Cloths
Source: Canadian Tire, paint section
This heavy canvas drop cloth is great for cutting into pieces and using in a variety of ways: to make flags or buntings, creatures for storytelling, and many other things!

Gardening Tools
Source: dollar stores, hardware stores
This is making me excited for spring, just writing about this. Kids love to dig in the dirt, plant things, and watch them grow. Gardening gloves ($ stores), trowels ($ stores, hardware stores), and watering cans ($ store, hardware) are essential tools to help them plant a garden. Ah... spring...

ID Sheets
Source:University of Guelph Arboretum (scroll down to find "Biodiversity Identification Sheets")
I can't say enough good things about these. We use them ALL THE TIME. They are laminated, so can withstand a lot of weather and handling. Plus I can take them home and eat my meals on them like placemats! All the while learning naturalist info! The photos are gorgeous, and the types of flora and fauna are relevant to this place (Kitchener Waterloo) because the ID Sheets were created in Guelph, Ontario. I highly recommend getting a set of these! Plus the expander sheets too! You won't regret it!

Journals
Source: various sources
Nature journals have been a big part of our programs. Children use them during their quiet sit spot times, and also for recording information or questions about what they are seeing around them. We have made journals with recycled paper and cardboard and fabric, and we have bought them from dollar stores or office supply stores too. I don't think it matters as much what they look like, but some children prefer blank pages rather than lined. (I do too!)

Kitchen Tools
​Source: thrift stores, dollar stores
A portable mud kitchen is easy to stock - with a variety of tools (wooden spoons, flipper, spatula, tongs, etc.) and baking tins (metal bowls, pitchers, muffin tins, bread pans, etc.). I like to use metal things that are durable and withstand a lot of forest use. We've enjoyed using a mortar and pestle in our forest baking too - available at dollar stores. A SUPER book to use in your forest mud kitchen is Mud Pies and Other Recipes by Marjorie Winslow. It is delightful and inspiring!

Magnifying Glasses
Source: dollar stores
Easy to find, easy to use. They help children to pause and pay attention. It's not the quality of the glass that matters, but the training of the eye to look carefully at small things in nature.

Mats
Source: Dollarama, Canadian Tire
We use these mats almost every day in the forest. It often helps to have a layer between our bums and the wet forest floor, and comfort is key when we spend a long time outdoors! Dollarama sells these blue rubber mats in bigger sheets which I cut in half to make a size that is big enough for small bums. Canadian Tire sells this type of material in a big grey roll, so we cut it in square shapes for more ground coverage (bigger bums or just more space on the mat). 

Pulleys
Source: Hardware stores
I sourced our pulleys at Home Depot and Canadian Tire, but I'm sure you could find them at any hardware store. Pulleys have revolutionized our play. No joke! They experiment with pulleys and ropes and buckets (we buy cheap metal buckets at the dollar store), making mail delivery systems, ziplines for squirrels, and more. Pulleys are usually a cooperative tool, and it's been wonderful to see the teamwork and ideas that have come from adding this piece of technology to their play.

Ropes
Source: hardware stores, Mountain Equipment Coop
Ropes are such an imaginative and useful tool and toy. Sooooo much comes out of rope play! We have worked on knot-tying, and have built swings and pulley lines, dragged log, made artwork with stick frames, had a limbo contest, and tied up tarps for tents. Introducing ropes as a tool helps children with fine motor skills like tying knots, and visual-spatial skills when designing rope frames for tent/tarp structures. There is a lot of planning and thinking involved when ropes come out to play! Most of our ropes have come from Canadian Tire, but we have also invested in a couple of good climbing ropes from Mountain Equipment Coop. 

Slack line
Source: Spectrum Nasco Supplies Product #PE08635E
This is by no means a "must-have" item - it's been more of a luxury item. But it's been fun to bring out for groups that are working on balance. They take the skills of balancing on the slack line and apply them to big logs in the forest, watching their footwork, using their hands and arms for balance, watching and looking for the next best step in front of them. It's a great "challenge by choice" activity - to see how far children can go along the line, and then see if they can go further the next time.

Stuffed Animals
Source: thrift stores
I am constantly amazed when I look at stuffed animals in thrift stores. The majority of them are animals we would call "exotic" - not native to Canada. So over the years, I have kept my eye out at thrift stores for stuffed animals that are indigenous to our landscape. We use these animals mostly for storytelling, sometimes for shelter and nest building, and sometimes for snuggling to keep warm on a cold day!

Talking Stick
Source: handmade
This is another tool that we use almost every day! In general, we use a talking stick or talking stone at our closing circle time together. This special stick/stone is passed around the circle, giving each person the chance to share about something that was meaningful to him/her while the rest of the group listens. It's a great time to hear about the interests and questions that children have, and this sharing time often helps us plan provocations and lines of inquiry for the following week.

Tarps
Source: hardware stores
Tarps pair well with ropes for shelter building. We also use them as a big mat for doing larger art projects, and for covering up backpacks in the rain, and for playing games. So many uses!

Tea Cups
Source: Green Toys Tea Set, Enamel Look Stoneware
This might seem like a funny thing to have on a supply list, but we use these quite often! Setting out a tray of tea is a warm and welcoming way to gather the group for our closing circle time. At the end of our seasonal forest school programs, we like to provide a tea party where we share some simple snacks and warm tea (usually mint, but we have made hemlock tea too). The tea warms our hands and bodies, and the sharing warms our hearts, making for an all-round cozy way to end our time together!

There are so many ways that we learn in the forest. Our Monday Salamanders have been learning in multiple ways this spring. Here are just a few!

We learn through inquiry. Asking a question, bringing in a mystery bone, noticing small details around us.

We learn by playing together and moving our bodies. Hiding and sneaking games are our favourites. We also love to climb and some even like to cartwheel!

We learn through writing and drawing and journalling, documenting what we see and hear and feel.

We learn by touching and observing what's around us.

We learn by being quiet and listening.

We learn through books and reading together and storytelling.

We learn by exploring pathways, new and old.

The Monday AM Polliwogs were interested in birds and their nests, so one day we dove deep into nest building. How do birds build their nests? Could we find any nests at Huron Natural Area that we could examine? What materials do they use? What parts of their bodies do they use to build? How long does it take them? Hmmm....

We set off on a hike to explore and look for building materials.

Look what we found!!! A nest! We wonder which bird build it.

We stopped for a snack, then kept on collecting materials for our nests.

We studied our bird identification mats.

We collected dry grasses, some green grasses, soft seeds, and mud. Then it was time to build! Here we go... we're imagining we are little birds!

Then we placed our new nests into some trees around the play area and in the meadow. Maybe some birds will use them! We even fooled some adults who thought they had been built by birds! 

Our Thursday Salamander group has had some rainy day adventures. Almost every Thursday this spring, we have had rain in the forecast! Sometimes it amounts to something, and sometimes it doesn't. Yesterday it did! 

We started our rainy day with a hike to Sunfish Pond, where we watched a Caspian tern bird circle around the pond several times, looking for a fish to capture. We wondered if the raindrops on the pond make it harder for terns to see their prey under the water.

 We passed a tree that was half wet, and half dry. Why is it like that??

Our adventurous Salamanders were keen to try crossing the creek to Coyote Corners - a slippery venture on a rainy day! We sized up our different options for where to cross, discussed it a bit, and then helped each other across. Without any soakers!!!

Once we got to Coyote Corners, we had a snack and listened to stories. We begged for more! We sang some fun songs too. It was a fun, quiet time under the tarp shelter - hunkering down as we listened to raindrops falling above us.

Then we had some free time, and most of us wanted to do embroidery on burlap. One of us spent time with 2 snail friends that had been collected on our walk, and we heard a play by play of everything the snails were doing. Another continued a weaving project started the week before. And the rain stopped! Some wanted to just stay under the tarp to keep crafting, but others ventured out.

We got so involved in our activities, that we were so surprised to learn that it was time to clean up and head back. Several begged for more time... could we please stay out longer today?!? What a great question on a rainy day!

We gathered our things, and took the short way back. 

​What a fun time in the rain!

Our after school Coyotes group is an adventurous one. They're always up for something new: a trail, a meandering creek, a new pond to explore. 

Over the last four weeks, we have visited several areas of the park. We've explored the big pond (Board of Ed pond), Sunfish Pond, and have examined creatures in the Strasburg Creek.

We have walked to high, sandy places, through sumac forests, along pond-shores, and through woodland trails.

We have balanced on logs, traversed flowing creeks, gotten our feet wet and muddy, and discovered "new" creatures. 

We have been wet and cold and dirty and hot and happy. We play hard! 

We are active, enthusiastic, and adventurous. We also love to share the nature knowledge that we have learned. 

We have made new friends!

Here's a peek into our time together so far: